In 1735, Alexander Baumgarten invented the term “aesthetic”, calling it the study of sensory experience and beauty. The Victorian era saw the development of distinct movements, such as the aesthetic movement (1860-1900). It influenced design by campaigning the idea of “art for art’s sake”, which meant art focused on beauty, form and colour, more than to give a message. From 1919 – 1923, the Bauhaus school of art operated. Founded by Walter Gropius, the institution combined crafts and fine arts, promoting functional design and simplicity.

The 1950s is when style, architecture, and beauty started to become more refined, slowly transitioning into people having their own individual styles. This was further amplified in the 70s, when aesthetics like discotheque, boho, punk and glam rock became popular. It then shifts into the familiar bright colours and shoulder pads of the 80s. Acid-wash high-waisted jeans, paired with a denim jacket, for a double denim look was very popular.

In the 90s, the fashion scene was characterised by iconic pieces like tops showing your midriff, baggy jeans, and oversized blazers. Interior design during the 90s saw a blend of influences: the sleek, modernist lines of early 90s décor gave way to the cosy, eclectic charm of the late 90s, incorporating elements like oversized furniture, bold graphic prints, and the popular use of natural materials. This era was marked by a fascination with blending old and new, creating spaces and styles that were both innovative and rooted in past influences. In terms of hair, Rachel Green was an icon, and around 11 million people got the “Rachel Cut”.

Fashion in the 2000s was a wide blend of the Y2K aesthetic and the rise of streetwear. Y2K fashion, inspired by the turn of the millennium, embraced Juicy Couture tracksuits, low rise jeans, and leopard print designs, and mini skirts were a must. Meanwhile, streetwear gained popularity, driven by the rise of hip-hop and skateboarding communities. Outfit combos based on “baggy on baggy”, with oversized hoodies, graphic tees, and sneakers defining the look. This fusion of glitzy Y2K elements and the grungy edge of streetwear created a diverse and eclectic fashion landscape that continues to influence styles today.

In 2024, fashion aesthetics continued to evolve with a blend of minimalist and extravagant styles. The Stockholm/Scandi aesthetic embraced the simplicity and functionality characteristic of Scandinavian design, featuring neutral colour palettes, clean lines, and high-quality fabrics. This style emphasised practical elegance and timeless pieces, embodying a refined yet understated look. Contrastingly, the Maximalist aesthetic celebrated boldness, with vibrant colours, chunky jewellery, and oversized football jersey tops. This approach encouraged individual expression through layered outfits, statement accessories, and a fearless mix of styles.

From Baumgarten’s 18th-century aesthetics to the diverse styles of 2024, fashion has evolved through movements like Victorian “art for art’s sake,” Bauhaus simplicity, and 70s subcultures. The 2000’s blended Y2K and streetwear, leading to 2010’s athletic leisure and minimalism. By 2024, styles ranged from the minimalist Stockholm/Scandi aesthetic to the bold Maximalist, reflecting an ongoing dynamic interplay in fashion and design.